Ghent, Flemish Gent, French Gand, city, Flanders Region, northwestern Belgium. Ghent lies at the junction of the canalized Lys (Leie) and Scheldt (Schelde) rivers and is the centre of an urban complex that includes Ledeberg, Gentbrugge, and Sint-Amandsberg.
Indeed, Ghent has retained more traces of its past than any other Belgian town except perhaps Brugge. In the centre of the city stands the 14th-century Belfry (about 300 feet [90 metres] high), which has a 52-bell carillon and is crowned by a gilded copper dragon forged in 1377. The town hall reflects a diversity of styles: its north facade (1518–35) is a magnificent example of Flamboyant Gothic, whereas the east facade, completed almost a century later, is Renaissance. The feudal castle of the counts of Flanders, the Gravensteen, dates from 1180; with its great keep and circular walls, it is one of the most-imposing moated castles to have survived in Europe.
Ghent is well known for its large public squares and marketplaces, chief among which is the Vrijdagmarkt (“Friday Market”), the centre of the life of the medieval city. Of Ghent’s many famous medieval monasteries, the most notable are the ruined 7th-century abbey of St. Bavo (Bavon, or Baaf), which was the birthplace of John of Gaunt and now houses the Lapidary Museum, and the remains of the Cistercian abbey of Byloke, or Bijloke (1228), which now houses the museum of archaeology and part of the city hospital. The Gothic Cathedral of St. Bavo, dating from the 12th century, contains many valuable works of art, including Hubert and Jan van Eyck’s polyptych altarpiece, The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, also called the Ghent Altarpiece (1432).
Ghent has many fine museums, notably the Museum of Fine Arts, which contains a treasury of paintings by Flemish masters who lived and worked in Ghent during the 16th and 17th centuries. There is a state university, founded by William I in 1817, and an agricultural college.
Schelde River, also spelled Scheldt, French Escaut, river, 270 miles (435 km) long, that rises in northern France and flows across Belgium to its North Sea outlet in Dutch territory. The busiest section of the Schelde River lies between Antwerp and Ghent, along which are many industrial sites.